Kukho iintetho ezininzi, ngamanye amaxesha nokuba zingafanelekanga, malunga I-5G, inethiwekhi yeselula yesizukulwana esitsha. Le nethiwekhi Sele ifikile kwizixeko ezithile zaseSpeyin. I-5G imele Isizukulwana sesi-5. Ii-eriyali zokuqala iyahambelana nomgangatho omtsha Zifakwe ngo-2019.
Ubhubhane awukayeki izicwangciso zokwandisa kwaye uqhagamshelo olutsha luya lusasazeka. Kwimihlathi elandelayo siza kubonisa isebenza njani i-5G, zithini izibonelelo zayo kunye nokusebenza kwayo.
I-5G iya kuba yinguqu yokwenyani kwezobuchwepheshe ehambayo: Akunakwenzeka kuphela ukujonga iividiyo eziphezulu kunye nokulula okufanayo esiphulaphula umculo namhlanje, kodwa ngenxa ye-bandwidth enkulu ekhoyo kunye ne-latency ephantsi, ukusetyenziswa kuya kwenzeka ukuba sisenobunzima bokucinga.
Siye savavanya kunye ne imidlalo yelifu de Uphando IStadia, iMicrosoft XCloud kunye neAmazon Lua. Kungekudala okanye kamva uqhagamshelo lweselula lwe-5G lunokuthi luthathe indawo yethu yonxibelelwano lwe-broadband yasekhaya, inikezela uzinzo kunye nokubambezeleka okufanayo.
Isebenza njani i5G
Okokuqala, i-5G yiprothokholi yokuqala yoqhagamshelo ebonelela ngeefrikhwensi ezahlukeneyo. Sine-spectra ezimbini zothumelo Ngaphantsi kwe-6GHz:
- enye ehamba ngamaza phakathi kwe-3.4 kunye ne-3.6GHz, eyona ifana kakhulu nothungelwano lwesizukulwana sangaphambili;
- kunye nenye ku-700 Mhz, eqinisekisa isantya esisezantsi kodwa iqondo eliphezulu lokungena, eliyenza iphelele kwi-Intanethi yeZinto.
Ukuhanjiswa okungaphantsi kwe-6GHz kungekudala kuya kudityaniswa ngamaza phakathi kwe-24.25GHz kunye ne-29.5GHz, ebizwa ngokuba millilimiterWave okanye mmWave (kwimilimitha yolwimi lwethu amaza).
Amaza e-Millimeter amele eyona nxalenye yoguquko lokutsiba kokuvelisa. Ezi zihamba kwiifrikhwensi ezikufutshane ne-30 GHz, eziziifrikhwensi eziphezulu kangangokuba zivumela 20Gb/s isantya esiphezulu sethiyori.
Amaza e-Millimeter aya kwenza kwakhona ukusebenza kakuhle kwenethiwekhi kwiindawo ezinoxinano oluphezulu lwezixhobo ezixhunyiwe, ezifana nezemidlalo okanye iikhonsathi, apho inethiwekhi yangoku ihlupheka. Ukongeza, i-latency nayo iya kuncitshiswa, ekugqibeleni izise amaxabiso eselula anokukhuphisana nalawo awona mgangatho ubalaseleyo wangoku.
Ukunyuka rhoqo
Ukonyuka okukhulu kokuphindaphinda akuzisi nje izibonelelo esizichazileyo kodwa kunokubangela ezinye iingxaki, esele ibonakala ngokuyinxenye kwabo basebenzisa i-router ye-dual-band ekhaya. Ngapha koko, oyena mntu unomdla uya kuba uqaphele ukuba isignali ye-WiFi ye-5 GHz ithotywa ngomgama kwaye xa idlula ezindongeni ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kune-2,4 GHz enye.
Ngokubanzi, i-electromagnetic wave isasazeka kancinci kwaye inengxaki enkulu yokoyisa imiqobo. Emva koko yenaI-millimeter entsha iya kuthobisa kakhulu kunosasazo lwesizukulwana esidala..
Ngenxa yesi sizathu kuya kufuneka ukufakela inani elikhulu lee-eriyali kumgama omfutshane ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwe-5G oluthelekiswa nolo lunikezelwa ngumqondiso we-4G.
Ngokubhekiselele kwisantya, ubuninzi bethiyori ye-20 Gb / s buqhele ukuncitshiswa yonke imihla malunga namaxesha ali-10.. Kwiimeko ezininzi, isantya esiphezulu kwiimeko zokwenyani kufutshane ne-1 Gb / s sifumaneka namhlanje, ekufuneka sithambekele ekunyukeni kwiminyaka ezayo.
Oku sele kuyintsebenzo ephawulekayo, njengoko iphumelela ngaphezulu kwamaxesha ali-10 oko ungakufumana yonke imihla nge Unxibelelwano lwe-LTE.
Iinzuzo zenethiwekhi ye-5G
Usenokuba sele uqikelele kwiifitsha zenethiwekhi, kodwa siza kukuchazela zona:
- ngezantya eziphezulu kakhulu, xa kuthelekiswa nezo zenethiwekhi ezisisigxina, zomyalelo we-Gb / s;
- ukubambezeleka okuphantsi kakhulu okuya kuhla ukuya kwi-5 ms, ukuvula ihlabathi elitsha lonke lamathuba kwiselula, njengemidlalo yefu ebesithetha ngayo kwintshayelelo;
- ukwanda kozinzo womnatha nakwiimeko ezinenani elikhulu lezixhobo ezixhunyiwe, ukudibanisa kwi-1 yezigidi zezinto ngekhilomitha yesikwere kunokuqinisekiswa;
- ukubakho koqhagamshelo lwe-Intanethi olulula, olufumaneka kuyo yonke indawo, oluthembekileyo noluxhaphakileyo kwakhona sibulela ukuphindaphinda okuphezulu kokungena kwi-700 Mhz eya kuvumela uphuhliso olukhulu lwe Internet Wezinto.
Nangona kunjalo, zikwakhapha oku Ezinye zezinto ezingalunganga:
- Utshintsho aluyi kukhawuleza, ayizizo zonke ii-eriyali ezindala ezinokuhlengahlengiswa kwitekhnoloji ye-5G kwaye, njengoko sesitshilo, aziyi kuba zanele.
- Ngexesha elide elizayo, umahluko kwizantya zonxibelelwano uya kwanda phakathi kwemimandla yedolophu, eyona ndawo inabantu abaninzi kweli lizwe, eya kuthi ifikeleleke ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ingabi nabemi.
- Ukongezelela, ixesha elide, inethiwekhi yesizukulwana esitsha iya kuhlala kunye nesizukulwana sangaphambili.
Ukusetyenziswa kwee-frequencies ezintsha, ezisetyenziswe ngaphambili zezinye iinkonzo, zinyanzela umva ukuba utshintshe indlela iimpawu ezithunyelwa ngayo / ezifunyenweyo (siya kubona ngakumbi kumhlathi olandelayo).
Iifrikhwensi ze5G
Sithe i-5G iya kuba nomqondiso kwiifrikhwensi ezintathu ezahlukeneyo. Ezi eSpeyin zineengxaki ezininzi. KUNYEMasiqale nge 700 Mhz. Ukutshintshwa koomabonakude ukuya kumgangatho omtsha we-DVB-T2 sele kuxoxiwe ngawo. Umgangatho omtsha ukwanceda ekukhululeni la maza akhoyo ngoku.
Ngo-2022, irediyo kunye nomabonakude eSpain kuya kufuneka kuncitshiswe. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza okuphezulu kwe-algorithm entsha yoxinzelelo kufuneka kwenze kube lula ukunika inani elifanayo leziteshi (okanye phantse). Nakwamanye amaqela imeko ayilunganga ncam.
Imingcipheko yempilo ye-5G
Sivile konke malunga nemingcipheko enokubakho evela kuqhagamshelo lwesizukulwana esitsha, kuye kwakho nabo bathi ukuqhambuka kobhubhane kuphawu olutsha lwe-5G.
Imeko inzima, kodwa siya kuzama ukucaca ngokufutshane.
Ii-eriyali ezingakumbi kunye neefrikhwensi ezininzi, zizinto ezimbini apho abachasi besizukulwana esitsha babethe kakhulu.
Babanga ukuba i-frequencies ephezulu iyingozi, oku kubuxoki, njengoko sichazile ngakumbi ukuphindaphinda kophawu lokwandisa unomathotholo, okubi kakhulu kukukwazi ukusasazeka kumgama kunye nokungena kwizinto eziphathekayo (kungoko ke nomzimba womntu).
Ukunyuka kwenani leeriyali akufanele kusenze sisothuse, njengoko oku kuya kukhokelela ekuhanjisweni ngamandla amancinci nangaphantsi kunye ne-homogeneous ngakumbi kunezo zesizukulwana sangaphambili.
Ke ngoko, akusayi kubakho zincopho zokukhupha ezinokuthi zibonwe ngoku kufutshane nabaphindayo.
Ukongeza, enkosi ekusebenziseni itekhnoloji entsha ethatyathwe kuqhagamshelo lweWiFi, olufana ne-beamforming kunye netekhnoloji enkulu ye-MIMO, ii-eriyali ziya kuba nobuchule ngokukwazi ukuthumela umqondiso apho ufuneka khona. Ngokungafaniyo nee-eriyali zangoku ezithumela ngamandla afanayo kuwo onke amacala.
Ngoko kutheni kwanemibutho edumileyo iye yahlaba umkhosi?
Impendulo ifumaneka kwinani lezixhobo ezixhunyiwe, kwilizwe lethu kuphela kuqikelelwa ukuba izixhobo ezixhunywe kwinethiwekhi yeselula ye-5G entsha ingaba phakathi kwe-600 kunye ne-800 yezigidi! Kuphela olu qikelelo ziye zabangela ukuba abanye bafune izifundo ezingakumbi, besoyikela ukuba izixhobo ezinxibelelene ngakumbi zinokubangela ukwanda kongcoliseko lomoya. i-electrosmog.
Uphononongo olucatshulwe kakhulu ngabagxeki be-5G kulo mba lolo lwe-arhente karhulumente wase-US i-NTP (iNkqubo yeSizwe yeToxicology), enxibelelanisa ukubonakala kwamathumba kunye nokuvezwa kwamaza onomathotholo.
Ngoko yintoni esiqinisekisayo?
Kwilizwe lethu kukho imithetho engqongqo kakhulu kwimitha ye-electromagnetic kwaye, ukuba ihlaziywe, inokwenziwa kuphela ngokubonisa ukungabi nabungozi kwamanqanaba amatsha..
Sikwaqinisekiswa zizifundo ezibonisa ukuba i-5G inokophula eyona ndawo iyingozi yongcoliseko lombane, elona candelo linamandla amakhulu. Oku kwenziwa ngokubulela kubuchwephesha obutsha obusetyenziswa kwii-eriyali.